2005 Toyota Prius Pluses

Mid-size sedan with the outside dimensions of a Toyota Corolla and the inside dimensions of a Toyota Camry. 1.497 liters, 16-valve 4 cylinder engine: Power: 57 kW (76 hp) @ 5000 rpm; Torque: 111 N-m (82 lb-ft) @ 4200 rpm. Provides motive power and recharges the battery. (See bottom for more details.) Ni-MH (Nickel Metal Hydride) 201.6-Volts battery: 38 kW (51 hp). There is a normal 12- Volts battery, also. Hybrid System net power: 82 kW (110 hp). It weighs only 86 lb and has a life expectancy of 10-12 years or 150,000 to 200,000 miles (10,000 recharging cycles.) 500-Volts permanent-magnet electric motor/generator: Power: 50 KW (67 hp) @ 1200- 1540 rpm; Torque: 400 N-m (295 lb/ft) @ 0-1200 rpm. Provides motive power from the battery and recharges the battery using vehicle kinetic power when braking or coasting. (See bottom for more details.)
There is a second less-powerful (500-Volts, 25 kW/34 hp) permanent-magnet electric motor/generator that starts the engine when the engine is needed, provides some motive power from the battery and recharges the battery using engine power. (See bottom for more details.) It starts the engine at 1000 rpm, instead of the usual 100 rpm. (Fuel is not injected until proper oil-pressure is established, reducing wear.) Has regenerative braking. When the brakes are engaged, the car's kinetic energy is retrieved to charge the batteries by turning the large motor/generator into a generator. Braking is very smooth. Shifting the gear selector to 'B' activates engine braking. (No fuel is consumed by engine braking, but it does not convert kinetic energy into electrical energy as does foot-pedal braking.) In emergency stops regular ABS brakes are used. Brake linings last longer than for most cars.
The Hybrid Synergy Drive feeds power to an Electronic Continuously Variable Transmission (ECVT; not to be confused with the Audi CVT with a chain belt and variable pulleys used in some hybrids such as the Honda Insight), which keeps the engine operating at peak torque. The gear selector has only four positions: R (reverse), N(neutral), D (drive) and B (engine braking). There is a separate parking (P) button and a foot-operated parking brake. A small (about adult palm size) planetary/epicycle gear system (power-split device) feeds power from a 1st motor/generator and engine to the front wheels, from the front wheels to the 1st motor/generator to charge the battery during braking and coasting and from the engine to the less-powerful 2nd motor/generator to charge the batteries; all controlled by computers. (See more details at the bottom.) Only the electric motor is used for reverse, slow starts, and level low-speed cruising when’ the battery is highly charged. At high-speed cruising the engine powers the car and charges the battery. The gasoline engine shuts off when not needed and usually runs at peak-efficiency rpm (about 4000). Therefore, the car runs very quietly except when accelerating. Both engine and motor are used during high acceleration.

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